Metabolism

Metabolism is a complex process of transformation of chemical elements in the body, ensuring its growth, development, activities and life in general. In a living organism constantly consumes, not only during physical and mental work, and even when the rest (sleep). Metabolism consists of two opposing, simultaneous processes. First - anabolism or assimilation, combines all the reactions associated with the synthesis of necessary substances, their uptake and use for growth, development and functioning of the body. Second - catabolism or dissimilation involves reactions associated with the collapse of the substances, the oxidation and elimination from the organism of decay products. Metabolism is a complex biochemical and energetic processes that ensure the use of nutrients for the needs of the organism and its needs in the plastics and energy substances. Proteins, fats, carbohydrates are broken down in the digestive tract for more simple low-molecular substances. Proceeding in the blood and tissue, they undergo further transformations - aerobic oxidation. In the course of these transformations is the use of oxidation products for the synthesis of amino acids and other important metabolites. Thus, the aerobic oxidation combines elements of disintegration and synthesis and mediates the exchange of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and other substances. Although metabolism occurs continuously, the apparent immutability of our body leads to confusion not only inexperienced in the science of people, but some scientists. Believing that the body has two types of substances, some of which are used to build a body, motionless, static, others are used as a source of energy, quickly processed. The introduction of biological research tracer allowed in animal experiments to establish that in all tissues and cells, metabolism is continuous: no difference between "building" and "energy" molecules do not exist. In the body, all molecules are equally involved in metabolism. The average person every 80 days, half of all the changes of tissue proteins, liver enzymes are updated within 2 - 4 hours, and some even a few tens of minutes. Metabolism provides inherent living organism as a system of dynamic equilibrium, where mutually balanced synthesis and destruction, birth and death. At the core of metabolic reactions are physical and chemical interactions between atoms and molecules, which obey the same for the living and nonliving matter laws. This, of course, does not mean chtozhizn reduced entirely to physical and chemical processes. Living organisms has its own peculiarities. Since metabolism is inextricably linked exchange of energy in the body. Living organisms can exist only when the continuous flow of energy from outside. And because they constantly need energy to perform various kinds of work - mechanical (movement of the body. Cardiac activity, etc.) electric (creating a potential difference in tissues and cells), chemical (synthesis of compounds), etc. Primary energy source for humans, as well as for all life on Earth is the solar radiation. Food is produced by the same energy as the Sun. The initial link of the food chain - plants, accumulating in the process of photosynthesis, solar energy. The green pigment of plants - chlorophyll under the influence of rays of light from water and carbon dioxide are synthesized organic matter - the basis of food. Diet composition is complex and diverse. In most in major nutrients, which include proteins, fats, carbohydrates. Contained in food and mineral elements - calcium, phosphorus, sodium, etc., they are called macrocells, in contrast to trace elements contained in it in very small quantities (copper, cobalt, iodine, zinc, manganese, selenium, etc.). There are food and flavors that give it special properties.

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